What Is SS-31?
SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeting peptide designed to protect and enhance mitochondrial function. It was developed to mitigate oxidative stress, improve energy production, and support cellular longevity, and it has been studied in research areas tied to anti-aging, cardiovascular health, and neuroprotection.
Mechanisms of Action
Mitochondrial protection and antioxidant effects through selective binding to cardiolipin, a key mitochondrial phospholipid, which stabilizes mitochondrial membranes and reduces oxidative damage.
Cellular longevity and energy optimization by supporting ATP production, improving mitochondrial efficiency, and helping mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction in high-energy-demand tissues like the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle.
Benefits
Anti-aging and longevity support through improved mitochondrial resilience, helping slow age-related cellular decline and supporting tissue regeneration signals.
Cardiovascular health support through protection of cardiac tissue and reductions in ischemia-reperfusion injury signals, with research interest in improving heart function in models relevant to heart failure and myocardial infarction.
Neuroprotection and cognitive support through potential reductions in neurodegeneration signals, with research interest in models relevant to Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and other neurological disorders.
Dosing
Strength | Dose |
|---|---|
Low | 250 mcg to 1 mg per day |
Medium | 2.5 to 5 mg per day |
High | 5 mg or more per day |
SS-31 can be an expensive compound with the effective range is around 2.5 to 5 mg per day. If stacked with other mitochondrial focused compounds (see below), lower doses (250mcg to 1mg) can still be impactful.
SS-31 can be ran prior to starting other mitochondrial agents to repair damaged mitochondria. See protocol below.
Phase 1: SS-31 at 5 mg daily for 2 weeks
Phase 2: Add MOTS-C at 0.5-1 mg daily, reduce SS-31 to 1 mg daily for 4 weeks
Phase 3: Drop SS-31, continue MOTS-C and add any other mitochondrial agents such as 5-Amino-1MQ, NAD+, SLU-PP-332, etc.
Interaction Notes
Anti-aging Stack
SS-31
Crystagen
Epithalon
GHK-Cu (including blends like GLOW or KLOW)
Methylene Blue
MOTS-c
NAD+
Mitochondrial Energy Stack
MOTS-c
5-Amino-1MQ
NAD+
Methylene Blue
Neuroprotective Stack
Methylene Blue
Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate (Cerebrolysin)
NAD+
Dihexa
MOTS-c
Semax
Selank
Disclaimer: The information provided is intended solely for educational purposes and should not be considered a replacement for professional medical advice. All compounds referenced are not for human consumption.
